All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, is His slave and Messenger.
Ash-Shawkaani stated in his book entitled “Nayl Al-Awtaar”, that the word Taymiyyah was a surname given to the grandfather of Ibn Taymiyyah, because he went for Hajj through the road of Taymaa’ where he saw a girl, and when he returned home he found his wife had given birth to a girl, then he said: “O Taymiyyah, O Taymiyyah”, so he was surnamed Taymiyyah. Hence, this name is an attribution to the word Taymaa’.
It was also said that the mother of his grandfather was called Taymiyyah. Thus, there is a statement that Taymiyyah is a surname of a male who was the grandfather of Ibn Taymiyyah, and another statement that it is the name of his great grandmother.
Therefore, it is permissible to name a girl with this name, but if you name your daughter after one of the wives of the Prophet or after one of other female Companions who had a good name, then this is more appropriate.
Allaah Knows best.