Mental illness is only an excuse at the time of lost consciousness
6-4-2014 | IslamWeb
Question:
Asalam o Alaoikum!! I appreciate you for having the great knowledge. I want to ask that if someone is ill physically and mentally both.. And due to his mental health and some psychological problems he cannot offer all the obligations but try to offer them at his best. He made an oath but breaks it. Due to his mental health he is so much adversely affected and can't even pay expiation or offer all the necessary obligations and made a vow for not something really very important (that person made a vow not to search Islamic information on net about a specific issue that's disturbing him with different opinions of persons and said to Allah that he will not search it again but in-spite of great necessity)and made this vow and broke it only due to his psychological disturbance What's the ruling on that person because in the light of a hadees the insane person has no sin upon him until he becomes sane because that person is gripped with anxiety and depression all over the time? I am asking this difficult question on the behalf of someone really in need of the answer. So try to reply as soon as possible
Answer:
All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad 
is His slave and Messenger.
If someone suffers from a psychological or mental disease, he is not absolved of accountability for his actions in all cases; rather, what should be taken into account is whether he is conscious and he deliberately chooses to do those actions. If the actions that he does – like an oath or a vow – are made without will and choice, and he did so because of being overcome by his disease, then he is not held accountable for that, because he is like a person who does something under duress; but if he does it deliberately and out of choice, then he is held accountable.
Imaam Ash-Shaafi’i said in his book Al-Umm: “If a person loses reason by nature or by an accident which he did not cause to himself by committing a sin, then his divorce is not effective and he is not obliged to pray, and no Hadd (corporal punishment) is applied on him, as his case is like a demented person, an insane person, or a person affected by obsessive whispers or affected by any mental disorder as long as he is affected by it. If he regains his reason and he divorces while in this state, or if he commits a sin that requires a Hadd, then it will be applied on him and he is obliged to carry out the obligations, like an insane person who regains his consciousness: if he divorces while in the state of insanity, his divorce is not effective and if he divorces while he is in the state of consciousness, then his divorce is effective.”
For more benefit, please refer to Fataawa 88725 and 116282.
Allaah Knows best.