Question:
I would like to know: During fating, can a women (a) get a gyne (internal) checkup done? And for medical purposes some sample of the fluid be taken to check for cancer? (b) After the checkup (as above) does she need to take purification Ghusl? Or only Wudu is sufficient?
Fatwa:
All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger, may Allah exalt his mention as well as that of his family and all his companions.
First of all, we draw your attention that it is not permissible to reveal the private parts except in case of a necessity. As regards a check up just to find out whether a woman is not sick, then that is not permissible. But if there are some symptoms that suggest that one is sick, then it is permissible to reveal the private parts taking in consideration that necessity is judged according to its importance. As regards the ruling of fasting, it is correct, but if you make up that day as a precaution then that is more appropriate, as some jurists stated that the fasting of a woman becomes void if something enters her private parts. But if the check up is done without something entering the private parts, then there is no difference of opinion and the fasting is correct. You do not have to make Ghusl (ritual bath), because making Ghusl is incumbent upon sperm discharge with desire. It is enough in your case to just wash and perform ablution.
Allah Knows best.