Am I allowed to listen to the Quran and then translate if I feel that I know what Allah is saying and then afterwards check a translation just to make sure that I did not translate it wrongly?

All perfect praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, is His slave and Messenger.

There is no harm on you in doing what you mentioned, and it does not involve any Shariah violation. You should also ignore obsessive doubts and not give them any attention at all.

Allah knows best.