I saw a lecture where Bilal Phillips said that there were more than 4 schools of thought. I think he said there were 9 or 11 in total, but the others died out. Which were the other schools of thought? Who was their 'founder'? When and how long were they for? Did those scholars have books of opinions like Imaam Maalik, etc.? How did those schools of thought finish/stop? Basically I'd like to know as much about them as possible.

All perfect praise be to Allaah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. We ask Allaah to exalt his mention as well as that of his family and all his companions.

There are many schools which vanished; among which are:

Ash-Sha'bi school, Al-Hasan Al-Basri school, Al-A'mash school, Al-Awzaa'i school, Sufyaan Ath-Tawri school, Al-Layth school, Sufyaan Ibn 'Uyaynah school, Is-Haaq school, Abu Thawr school, Daawood Ath-Thaahiri school, and Mohammad Ibn Jareer school. People used to act according to their schools for a period of time. Then the people who followed these schools passed away. At the exception of Ath-Thaahiri school which a few people still follow in some Muslim countries. Discussing in details the vanished schools requires a separate survey and one Fatwa is not enough to encompass all the details. 

Allaah knows best.