The proposed meeting would take place later this year and involve the
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice will chair the talks.
Speaking at the White House, Mr Bush also announced a $190m (£95m) aid package for President Mahmoud Abbas's emergency Palestinian government.
Mr Abbas's Fatah faction recently lost control of the Gaza Strip by force to the Islamic militant group Hamas.
Hamas denounced President Bush's proposed peace conference.
'Moment of choice'
President Bush said the Middle East Quartet - which consists of the
"We can help them prove to the world, the region and
"We can help them make clear to all Palestinians that rejecting violence is the surest path to security and a better life," he said.
Mr Bush urged
He also called for a meeting of "donor" nations, including the Arab states of
President Bush said that now was "a moment of clarity and choice" for Palestinians.
He said Palestinians could follow the vision of Mr Abbas, and establish a state of their own - or choose the extremist vision of Hamas and "crush" the possibility of independence.
The BBC's Middle East analyst Roger Hardy says even those who have been urging a more forceful
BBC correspondent says Mr Abbas - in many ways the lynchpin of the initiative - is already in a weak position.
The more he is embraced by
Mr Abbas has repeatedly said he wants to resume peace talks with
Israeli officials have said they are prepared to discuss confidence-building measures, but not the key issues disputed by the two sides.
Earlier on Monday,
PHOTO CAPTION
US President George W Bush