What is the ruling of Islam on a person who threw the Quran onto the ground in a fit of rage?

All perfect praise be to Allaah, the Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allaah, and that Muhammad, sallallaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam, is His Slave and Messenger.

The person who did this must have been in either of two states:

The first is that he did it out of mockery while being conscious of what he was doing. In this case, this person has certainly become an apostate for Allaah The Almighty Says (what means): {And if you ask them, they will surely say, "We were only conversing and playing." Say, "Is it Allaah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?" Make no excuse; you have disbelieved after your belief. If We pardon one faction of you –We will punish another faction because they were criminals.} [Quran 9:65-66]

The second is that he did not do it out of mockery. In this case, if he did that while being conscious, then he has committed a grave sin and must repent, because he has violated the sanctity of the Quran. However, if he did that while being unconscious, then he is not held guilty, Allaah willing. His case would he similar to that of Moosa (Moses) when he threw the tablets in rage, as mentioned in the verse (what means): {And when Moses returned to his people, angry and grieved, he said, "How wretched is that by which you have replaced me after [my departure]. Were you impatient over the matter of your Lord?" And he threw down the tablets.} [Quran 7:150]

Allaah Knows best.