Does the Qur'an say anything about wars which will happen between Israel and Palestine? Does it say what the outcome will be? What does it say about Palestine?

Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the World; and blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and upon all his Family and Companions.
Qur'an does not give details of events which will happen. It only mentions them globally, if they are mentioned at all.
We can consider the following verse Allah Says (interpretation of meaning): {So, when the promise came for the first of the two, We sent against you slaves of Ours given to terrible warfare. They entered the very innermost parts of your homes. And it was a promise (completely) fulfilled.}[17:5] as an indication to the war that will take place between the Muslims and the Jews. Allah mentioned this after having mentioned what the Romans inflicted on the Jews.
Al Hafiz Ibn Katheer interprets the verse: "…… but if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our Punishment). ………"[17:8] by saying whenever you return to dissoluteness and mischief Allah makes you endure punishment in this life along with the punishment He will inflict on you on the Day of Judgement.
As for our battle with the Jews it is authentically narrated in the Sunnah.
No doubt that the end of the Jews will be by the hands of the Muslims. Al Bukhari and Muslim reported from Abu Hurairah that he narrated that the Prophet said: "The Hour will not be established until you fight with the Jews, and the stone behind which a Jew will be hiding will say. "O Muslim! There is a Jew hiding behind me, so kill him." (Reported by Imam Bukhari) Allah's Apostle (peace be upon him) also said: The Last Hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say so, for it is the tree of the Jews. (Reported by Imam Muslim)
The Hadith does not mention Palestine by the name, so this war will be general, i.e. in Palestine and every where else.
But, the time of this battle can not be specified as the Prophet did not specify it. He only said that this war will be before the Day of Judgement and that it is a sign of that Day.
Allah knows best.