When Salat is forbidden? If one misses a Fard Salat can he/she pray it during the sunrise or sunset or at the mid-day? Please explain regarding all conditions.

All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.

Allah has enjoined on Muslims to perform obligatory prayers at its prescribed fixed times. Allah Says (what means): {Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.} [Quran 4:103]

Not performing them at the prescribed time is a great sin and the Sharee’h does not agree with it. Everyone who deliberately delays prayers and performs them after their prescribed time has passed, is like the one who wants to fast in Shawwal instead of Ramadan. Only a sleeping person without negligence and the one who forgets would be excused if he could not perform the prayer at its prescribed fixed time. This ruling is from the saying of the Prophet, Prophet : “Whoever forgets a prayer or sleeps through its time, then he should pray it when he remembers it.” [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

In another Hadeeth narrated from Abu Qatadah the Prophet said: “There is no negligence in sleep, but negligence occurs while one is awake. If one of you forgets a prayer or sleeps through its time, then he should pray it when he remembers it.” [Al-Bukhari] Therefore, everyone who misses a prayer until its time has ended should perform it as soon as he remembers it; he may even perform such missed prayer during the times in which the prayers are prohibited such as at the time of sunrise, sunset, etc. But, if he fears that the time of the present prayer would end, then he should perform the present prayer first and then make up for the missed prayer.

Allah knows best.