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Fatwa CenterMuslims’ Weakness During the Mongols’ Time
Question
Aslaam alaikum sheikh1. In history why I see Muslims were severely defeated and humiliated and killed in Millions by Mongols did Muslims at that time became very sinful? Please can you tell in which sins they indulged so that I can avoid Allah's wrath.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of the Worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad 
is His slave and Messenger.
First of all, we thank you for contacting us.
Your question about the reality of the Muslims at the time of the Mongols is an important question. However, it is a purely historical research and not an Islamic research related to texts on jurisprudence or Fiqh rulings. Therefore, we apologize for not addressing it because it is not the specialty of the Fatwa Center.
You can easily find information about it by browsing search engines on the Internet.
Nonetheless, we should clarify here that the non-Muslims dominated the Muslims due to the sins of the latter; either by them abandoning the Islamic obligations or by committing inward and outward forbidden matters.
Shaykh Ibn Taymiyyah 
said:
“If the Muslims are weak and the enemy is dominant over them, then this is because of their sins, either for their inward and outward negligence in performing obligations, or because of their inward and outward transgression of the Limits of Allah.
Allah Says (what means):
• {Indeed, those of you who turned back on the day the two armies met, it was Satan who caused them to slip because of some [blame] they had earned. But Allah has already forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.} [Quran 3:155]
• {Why [is it that] when a [single] disaster struck you [on the day of Uhud], although you had struck [the enemy in the battle of Badr] with one twice as great, you said, “From where is this?” Say, “It is from yourselves.” Indeed, Allah is over all things competent.} [Quran 3:165]
• {And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might. [And they are] those who, if We give them authority in the land, establish prayer and give zakah and enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong. And to Allah belongs the outcome of [all] matters.} [Quran 22:40-41]” [End of quote]
Ibn Taymiyyah also said:
“If the disbelievers become dominant, then this is due to the sins of the Muslims which result in the weakness of their faith. If they (the Muslims) repent and perfect their faith, then Allah will support them, as Allah Says (what means):
• {So do not weaken and do not grieve, and you will be superior if you are [true] believers.} [Quran 3:139]
• {Why [is it that] when a [single] disaster struck you [on the day of Uhud], although you had struck [the enemy in the battle of Badr] with one twice as great, you said, “From where is this?” Say, “It is from yourselves.”} [Quran 3:165]” [End of quote]
For more details on the sufferings of the Muslims and the wisdom related to that, you may refer to the book entitled Ighaathat Al-Lahfaan authored by Ibn Al-Qayyim . He has profusely elaborated on this great issue.
Allah knows best.
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